Having looked at advertising and division of labour, i'd add on by focusing on gender socialization, patriarchy and social class. First up, gender, as we know it is a complex process of social construction. This is backed up by Maccoby's Theory of Child Socialization. In other words, biology isnt everything...we create gender and LEARN to be different.

She identified 3 ways how children learn about gender. Firstly, direct socialization. It is the administering of rewards and punishments by parents. Rewards are given for appropriate gender behaviour or roles while punishments aim to tell the child that it is wrong to do something. In this way, the child learns wad is right or wrong as a boy or girl. Secondly, indirect socialization. Kids look and imitate adult/parent's behaviours and build a schema on what it means to be male/female and what do dey do to establish this identity. Lastly, and what is most important is peer to peer socialization. She explains that kids are exposed to gender ideology, gender appropriate behaviour and roles. They establish connections as they become more and more involved in institutional activities like school etc. At age 2, there is real no gender segregation. By age 4, girls tend to avoid boys because they are rough (boys initiate aggression) and by 10, they have realized what it means to be a boy or girl and hence greater gender segregation. Also, peers police each other's behaviour that cause pressures to conform to gender norms. For example, when a boy plays in a group of girls, the other boys will tease him and dis causes him to feel unwanted. hence, he would refrain from playing with girls and join the boys for fear of social rejection.

Another argument is the Underlying Biology Thesis - we are just BORN different. This thesis explains that biology and not social constructions that cause sex differences. One theory is the testosterone theory which states that gender differences are due to the greater amount of testosterone present in males that makes them bigger, stronger and more competitive. However, testosterones are environmentally developed and has no connection to explaining gender differences. Another theory is the evolutionary theory. The basis of this theory involves the notion of sexual dimorphism in that men and women evolved from being hunters and gatherers respectively. The cultural categories and evolutionary science is also reinforced by media portrayals and accepted as a norm. This then attributes to why men work to contribute to the family while the women work at home. However, its problematic to consider that hunter-gatherer mentality exclusively explains gender differences. Another theory is that of Male-to-male competition. Men are bigger and stronger not because they dominate women but rather, compete with each other to gain access to women. Sexual Selection suggests that women choose their partners whom they feel have the most traits to procreate with and can support her. Hence, men attain resources that will most appeal to the women and have to compete with each other to gain access. It can be said that socialization and biology cant stand alone. Both complement each other to explain gender differences by giving differing perspectives.

Sometimes, its amazing that we are obsessed with gender differences and there is a tendency to overlook overlaps that exist between males and females. In normative science, most of the time, averages are turned into absolutes to explain gender differences. For example, on average, men are stronger than women. It is turned into Men are stronger than women. Such absolutes perverts the truth but as it gets internalized, it translates into gender stereotyping, prejudices, ecological fallacies and institutional sexism. Although normative approach helps to generalize and not individualize gender differences, this tendency to turn averages into absolutes is demeaning. Another approach is analysis from the margins. This is by looking from a perspective of the minority or the deviant. It helps to uncover taken for granted situations, yet by individualizing, it becomes abusive to the norm.

Patriarchy occurs in a society which power is disproportionately held by men. This power is identified in terms of economic, social and political power. Patriachy is not universal but Patriachal Tendency is the norm in most societies. Societies range from egalitarian to patriarchal ones. There are some misconceptions about patriarchy. One, patriarchy is brought about by sex differences. Men are stronger, therefore rule over women. This sneak social construction is untrue. Secondly, capitalism brot about patriarchy because capitalism enforces the idea that men are the breadwinners and it encourages free reproductive labour for the females. However, this is fallacious coz patriarchy existed way before the advent of capitalism. Lastly, the radical feminist view that men are just nasty, violent and hate women. This is echoed by Jeff Hearn BUT this does not explain why patriarchy exists.